Founded in 1916, Optica (formerly the Optical Society of America, OSA) was organized to increase and diffuse the knowledge of optics, pure and applied. One of the Society's major activities is the publication of peer-reviewed journals, books, conference proceedings and co-publications.

Oxford Art Online offers access to a collection of authoritative, comprehensive and easily searchable online art resources, including "Grove Art Online", "The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms", "Encyclopedia of Aesthetics" and "The Oxford Companion to Western Art". Grove Art Online contains "The Dictionary of Art", edited by Jane Turner (1996, 34 vols), and thus provides web access to the entire text of the dictionary with quarterly additions of new material and updates to the text, plus extensive image links.

These popular and reliable resources from Oxford provide expert recommendations on grammar, spelling, and usage; essential guides to the written word; and specialist dictionaries for writers, editors, proofreaders, and other professionals. Premium resources * New Hart’s Rules: The Oxford Style Guide * Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage * New Oxford Dictionary for Writers & Editors * Pocket Fowler’s Modern English Usage

The Oxford English Dictionary is a guide to the meaning, history, and pronunciation of over half a million words and phrases, both present and past, from across the English-speaking world. It traces the usage of words through 3.5 million quotations from a wide range of international English language sources, from classic literature and specialist periodicals to film scripts, song lyrics and social media posts.

The RSC publishing platform provides access to electronic journals and books from the Royal Society of Chemistry. From this page, you can reach over 1 million chemical science articles and chapters. Users from the MPG have access to the entire journal collection, including the RSC journals archive covering articles published back to 1841. In addition, a collection of about 900 ebooks was purchased within the scope of the German national licenses program. The Max Planck Society also covers article-processing charges in line with the RSC "Read & Publish" agreement. Further details are available on the MPDL website.

The SpringerLink platform provides MPG staff with access to a huge collection of English and German eBooks from 2005 onwards, as well as the English and the German collection of the Springer Book Archive (1842-2004). In addition, the content of selected book series is available. Includes major reference works and dictionaries. Max Planck researchers who publish a monograph or edited volume with Springer Nature as an Open Access eBook receive a discount on the standard Book Publishing Charge. MPDL covers the costs remaining on a pro rata basis. Further details are available on the MPDL website.

As the publisher of DIN, Europe's largest standardization body, DIN Media provides digital versions of German standards as DIN and VDI standards as well as European and a multitude of international standards, including ISO standards. The Max Planck Society purchased a selection of these standards and makes them available to Max Planck staff via an internal web server. Please refer to your local libary or purchasing department if you are missing a relevant standard.

Casalini libri's full text platform offers access to over 29,000 ebooks and 840 ejournals from more than 200 Italian, Spanish, French and Portuguese publishers. Max Planck users have access to: * EIO Monographs - a collection of 1,500 monographs and proceedings in humanities and social sciences from academic publishers in Italy. * EIO Periodicals Archive - pre-2011 content of 221 academic journals published by various Italian publishers.

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry covers the science and technology of all areas of industrial chemistry. For each chemical substance, information on physical and chemical properties, production, applications, economic data, toxicology and occupational health is given.

Universitetskaja Biblioteka Online offers ebooks on Russian Literature and Linguistics, History, Law, Economics, Social Sciences and Culture as well as Russian, Eurasian and Slavic Studies. The ebooks are hosted on University Library Online, e-content platform with English language interface. Additionally, for gaining a deeper understanding of Russia and Russian language, it provides access to: encyclopedias, audiobooks and maps.

VDE is one of the leading publishers of the German standards collection and offers electrotechnical safety standards. The NormenBibliothek standard portal of VDE (Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik e.V.) provides online access to the entire DIN-VDE standard portfolio. The MPG subscription includes valid standards and drafts of the DIN VDE Groups 0-8 in German.

Wiley Current Protocols contains a collection of updatable step-by-step, reproducible laboratory methods, covering a total of 20,000 protocols across 18 subjects in the life sciences. Each protocol is carefully selected by the editorial board members, written by experts, and rigorously edited to ensure repeated success.

Wiley Online Library Books feature over 15,000 scholarly and professional books, handbooks, dictionaries, companions and landmark book series from Blackwell Publishing, John Wiley & Sons, and Wiley-VCH. From this collection, a set of more than 1,000 e-books was purchased for users from the Max Planck Society. This selection is continuously extended by single e-book acquisitions by MPG libraries. In addition, the MPG purchased 9 electronic Major Reference Works and the Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.

wiso is an online database specially tailored to the needs of users from academic and research institutions by GBI-Genios. It aggregates mainly German content from various publishers, covering economics, social sciences, psychology and technology. wiso provides access to major reference databases, to full texts of selected journals, e-books, magazines and newspapers like VDI Nachrichten or Handelsblatt as well as to company information and market data.