Frontiers is a community-oriented open-access academic publisher and research network. It was launched in 2007 by scientists from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne and aims to provide better tools and services to researchers in the Internet age. Since then, Frontiers has become one of the fastest-growing open-access scholarly publishers: over 400,000 high-quality, peer-reviewed articles have been published in about 200 community-driven journals across more than 300 specialty niches in science, medicine and technology. The Max Planck Society covers article-processing charges for Max Planck authors centrally. Further details are available on the MPDL website.

Nature Publishing Group (NPG) is a publisher of high impact scientific and medical information in print and online. NPG publishes journals, online databases, and services across the life, physical, chemical and applied sciences and clinical medicine. The MPG subscription also covers article-processing charges for Max Planck authors in Nature journals. Further details are available on the MPDL website.